WebNov 1, 2010 · Benthic communities were categorised into 8 major benthic groups: (i) hard corals, (ii) soft corals, (iii) sponges, (iv) fleshy algae, (v) coralline algae, (vi) other live, (vii) dead coral algae, and (viii) sand, pavement and rubble, with hard corals then further categorised into species. 2.4. Statistical analysis WebCoral reefs are ecosystems adapted to nutrient-deficient environments. Input of nitrates and phosphates stimulates growth of plankton and, in the benthos, of fleshy algae and suspension-feeding animals such as bryozoans, barnacles, boring …
Contrasting effects of ocean acidification on tropical fleshy and ...
WebNov 16, 2024 · The ultra-high spatial resolution of the resulting orthomosaics facilitates accurate visual identification of benthic organisms, such as hard corals and zoanthids to the species level, types of algae (fleshy brown and red, calcareous green and red, crustose coralline and filamentous algae), morphotypes of sponges and octocorals, as well as ... WebMay 27, 2014 · Algal responses to OA may vary because increasing CO2 has the potential to fertilize photosynthesis but impair biomineralization. Using a series of repeated experiments on Palmyra Atoll, simulated OA effects were tested across a suite of ecologically important coral reef algae, including five fleshy and six calcareous species. constant velocity vs constant speed
What is coral bleaching? - National Ocean Service
WebJun 1, 2024 · The coral polyps (animals) provide the algae (plants) a home, and in exchange the algae provide the polyps with food they generate through photosynthesis. ... Octocorals, or ‘soft’ corals, include sea fans … Data were collected between September 2000 and August 2007 at multiple sampling sites in ten different regions across three ocean systems (Central Pacific: Kiritimati, Tabuaeran, Palmyra and Kingman; Caribbean: Belize, Tobago, Panama, Puerto Rico and Mexico; Indian Ocean: Sri Lanka; Fig. 1). Geographic … See more Benthic covers were assessed using photo-quadrats51. For each site, ten photo-quadrats were randomly selected along each of two 25 m transects. Pictures were taken with a … See more Sample collection for DOC concentration, microbial counts and metagenomic analysis was conducted as described in ref. 52. Briefly, pre-washed diver-adapted 2 l polycarbonate … See more For DOC analysis, samples were filtered through a pre-combusted Whatman GF/F glass fibre filter and collected in pre-combusted amber glass vials (Wheaton) with acid-washed … See more The water samples were processed within 1 h of collection to generate subsamples for later DOC analysis and direct counts of Bacteria and Archaea (microorganism). The Niskin bottles … See more WebDec 1, 2024 · In coral reefs, anthropogenic stressors including overfishing and nutrient pollution have been implicated in phase shifts from coral dominated reefs toward those dominated by fleshy algae 28,84. edreams contacts